Marxist philosophy : a popular outline / V. Afanasiev; translated from the Russian by L. Lempert; edited by J. Riordan.

Índice de nombre: páginas 382-393.

INTRODUCTION, 7 -- Chapter I. Philosophy as a Science, 9 -- 1. The Fundamental Question of Philosophy, 9 -- 2. Concept of Method. Dialectics and Metaphysics, 13 -- 3. The Subject Matter of Marxist Philosophy, 16 -- 4. Theoretical Weapon of the Working Class, 20 -- Chapter II. The Struggle Between Materialism and Idealism in Pre-Marxist Philosophy, 22 -- 1. The Struggle Between Materialism and Idealism in Slave Society, 22 -- 2. Metaphysical Materialism of the 17th-18th Centuries, 26 -- 3. The Struggle Between Materialism and Idealism in German Philosophy of the 18th-19th Centuries, 33 -- 4. The Contribution of Russian 19th-Century Materialist Philosophy, 38 -- Chapter III. The Rise and Development of Marxist Philosophy, 42 -- 1. The Conditions and Prerequisites for the Rise of Marxist Philosophy, 42 -- 2. The Essence of the Revolution in Philosophy Brought About by Marxism, 46 -- 3. The Creative Character of Marxist-Leninist Philosophy, 49 -- PART ONE. DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM -- Chapter IV. Matter and the Forms of Its Existence, 57 -- 1. What Is Matter, 57 -- 2. Motion-a Form of Existence of Matter, 64 -- 3. Space and Time, 71 -- Chapter V. Matter and Consciousness, 75 -- 1. Consciousness-a Property of Highly Organised Matter, 75 -- 2. Consciousness-a Product of the Development of Matter, 79 -- Chapter VI. Dialectical Materialism as the Doctrine of Development and Universal Connection, 89 -- 1. Dialectics-Doctrine of Development, 89 -- 2. Dialectics-Doctrine of Universal Connection, 93 -- Chapter VII. Basic Laws of Materialist Dialectics, 97 -- The Law of the Unity and Struggle of Opposites, 97 -- 1. The Unity and Struggle of Opposites, 97 -- 2. Diversity of Contradictions, 102 -- 3. Contradictions of Socialist Society and Ways of Eliminating Them, 109 -- The Law of the Passage of Quantitative into Qualitative Changes, 112 -- 1. Quality and Quantity, 112 -- 2. The passage of Quantitative into Qualitative Changes a Law of Development, 114 -- 3. Diversity of Forms of the Passage from the Old Quality to the New, 118 -- 4. The Nature of Qualitative Changes During the Transition from Socialism to Communism, 121 -- The Law of the Negation of the Negation, 123 -- 1. Dialectical Negation and Its Role in Development, 124 -- 2. The Progressive Nature of Development, 126 -- 3. How the Law of the Negation of the Negation Operates in Socialist Conditions, 130 -- Chapter VIII. Categories of Materialist Dialectics, 133 -- 1. Origin and Common Features of the Categories of Dialectics, 134 -- 2. The Individual and the Universal, 136 -- 3. Content and Form, 140 -- 4. Essence and Phenomenon, 144 -- 5. Cause and Effect, 149 -- 6. Necessity and Chance, 153 -- 7. Possibility and Reality, 157 -- Chapter IX. The Theory of Knowledge of Dialectical Materialism, 161 -- 1. What Is Knowledge?, 161 -- 2. Practice-Starting Point and Basis of the Process of Knowledge, 163 -- 3. From Living Perception to Abstract Thought, 166 -- 4. The Marxist Understanding of Truth, 173 -- 5. Practice-Criterion of Truth, 178 -- PART TWO. HISTORICAL MATERIALISM -- Chapter X. Historical Materialism: What It Studies, 183 -- 1. The Rise of Historical Materialism-a Revolution in the Views on Society, 183 -- 2. The Subject Matter of Historical Materialism, 186 -- 3. Historical Necessity and Human Freedom, 188 -- 4. The Unscientific Nature of Contemporary Bourgeois Sociology, 191 -- Chapter XI. Mode of Production-The Material Foundation of Society's Life, 195 -- 1. The Role o the Geographical Environment and Population in Society's Development, 195 -- 2. Mode of Production. Productive Forces and Relations of Production, 198 -- 3. Dialectics of the Productive Forces and Relations of Production, 201 -- 4. The History of Society as the Development and Law-Governed Succession of Modes of Production, 203 -- Chapter XII. The Socialist Mode of Production. Development of Socialism into Communism, 211 -- 1. Particular Features of the Rise of the Socialist Mode of Production, 211 -- 2. Dialectics of the Productive Forces and Production Relations under Socialism, 213 -- 3. Building the Material and Technical Basis of Communism and the Transformation of Socialist into Communist Production Relations, 219 -- 4. Communism the Radiant Future of All Mankind, 229 – Chapter XIII. Basis and Superstructure, 233 -- 1. Interaction of the Basis and Superstructure and the Particular Features of Their Development, 233 -- 2. The Basis and the Superstructure of Socialist Society, 238 -- Chapter XIV. The People The Decisive Force in Social Development. The Role of the Individual in History, 241 -- 1. The People Are the Real Makers of History, the Decisive Force in Social Development, 241 -- 2. The Role of the Individual in History, 246 -- Chapter XV. Classes and the Class Struggle, 252 -- 1. The Essence and Origin of Classes, 252 -- 2. The Class Struggle as the Source of Development of Antagonistic Class Societies, 254 -- 3. The Class Struggle in Capitalist Society, 256 -- 4. Classes and the Class Struggle in the Transition Period from Capitalism to Socialism, 268 -- 5. The Class Composition of Socialist Society, 272 -- 6. Ways of Eliminating Class Distinctions, 274 -- Chapter XVI. Nations and the National-Liberation Movement, 279 -- 1. What Is a Nation?, 279 -- 2. Marxism-Leninism on the National-Colonial Question, 281 -- 3. The Advance of the Peoples Movement for National Liberation and the Break-Up of Imperialism's Colonial System, 285 -- 4. Socialism and Nations, 289 -- C hapter XVII. The State, 296 -- 1. The Origin and Essence of the State, 296 -- 2. The State in an Exploiting Society, 298 -- 3. Dictatorship of the Proletariat, 304 -- 4. The Soviet Socialist State "as an Instrument for Building Socialism and Communism, 314 -- 5. The Withering Away of the State, 326 -- Chapter XVIII. The Social Revolution, 329 -- 1. The Social Revolution-a Law of Development of an Antagonistic Class Society, 329 -- 2. The Socialist Revolution. Essence of the Socialist Revolution, 333 -- 3. Peaceful Coexistence of the Socialist and Capitalist States-an Objective Necessity for Mankind's Development, 339 -- 4. Transition from Capitalism to Socialism-the Main Feature of Our Epoch, 344 -- Chapter XIX. Social Consciousness and Its Role in the Development of Society, 353 -- 1. Social Consciousness as a Reflection of Social Being. The Essence and Origin of Social Consciousness, 353 -- 2. The Active Role of Ideas in Social Development, 357 -- 3. Political and Legal Ideas, 359 -- 4. Morality, 363 -- 5. Religion, 370 -- 6. Science, 373 -- 7. Art, 377 -- Name Index, 382 -- Subject Index, 385.

La filosofía marxista, como cualquier otra ciencia, tiene un tema propio de estudio. Antes de hablar de ello, vamos a examinar los problemas que se resuelven no sólo por la corriente marxista, sino también por cualquier otra filosofía. El problema principal en esto, es la cuestión fundamental de la filosofía.